Structural and Electrical Characters of Sintered Ba–Ti–Al–Si Ferroelectric Glass-Ceramic Prepared From Sol–Gel Derived Powders

Ferroelectric BaTiO3 based Ba–Ti–Al–Si glass-ceramics were successfully fabricated by the chemical sol–gel technique. The structural features, dielectric and ferroelectric properties, such as dielectric constant and loss, leakage current and ferroelectric hysteresis loop, were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical measurements. It is found from experimental results that electrical properties of the BaTiO3 glass-ceramic samples strongly depend upon their microstructure evolution. By optimizing the process conditions, the high dielectric constant at room-temperature is obtained and such glass-ceramic samples exhibit high resistivity and low dielectric loss. The partial dielectric constant of the BaTiO3 phase grown in the glass-ceramic is estimated and it obeys the Curie-Weiss law. The effect of the glass phase distribution in the glass-ceramics on electrical properties is also discussed.