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Filter-embedded four-channel wavelength-division multiplexers for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems are fabricated from polyimide waveguides. The WDM module has a wide passband of over 30 nm, low insertion loss, and low crosstalk. The insertion loss and crosstalk for each port were less than 4.9 dB and better than -20 dB, respectively. The reliability of the WDM was examined, and it passed the change of temperature and damp heat tests of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) category C.
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Kawakami et al. (2006) studied this question.
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