A serially grafted connection between polymer waveguides is realized. This technique allows a passive polymer waveguide to be connected to a functional polymer waveguide with a connection loss of 0.005 dB. It is also applied to a Mach–Zehnder modulator using an electro-optic polymer, and optical intensity modulation in the serially grafted modulator is successfully demonstrated.
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Watanabe et al. (1994) studied this question.
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