Fine-grained dielectric ceramics, i.e., of 0.2 µm grain diameter, were obtained using Ca-doped BaTiO 3 powders consisting of particles 0.2 µm in diameter. The (Ba 1- x Ca x ) m TiO 3 ceramics ( x : 0–0.10, m : 1.003–1.009) showed a high dielectric constant and stable temperature dependence, which were provided by interfacial stress due to the grain boundary, even though the ceramics has no core-shell structure. The failure time under an accelerated life condition was remarkably improved with Ca doping, which may be caused by the decrease in BaTiO 3 unit volume with Ca 2+ at the Ba 2+ lattice site, and Ca 2+ acceptor ions at the Ti 4+ site.
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Sakabe et al. (2002) studied this question.
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