Annealing properties of proton-exchanged optical planar waveguides in z-cut LiNbO3 fabricated using octanoic acid have been studied systematically. Waveguide propagation losses decrease with annealing time, and variations in the surface refractive index and waveguide depth with annealing time follow a power law relationship. The annealing process is shown to be an effective means of improving and modifying waveguide properties.
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Pun et al. (1992) studied this question.
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