Probiotics as alternative control measures in shrimp aquaculture: A review

Shrimp aquaculture industry is facing diseases problems, viral and bacterial pathogens that take advantage of the weak immunity of shrimp and an altered gut microbial community. Furthermore, probiotic practices in aquaculture started to be of importance for increased disease resistant, aquatic organisms growth, and feed efficiency. Later they are used to improve the water quality of bacterial infections. Today, there is an evidence that probiotics can improve the digestibility of nutrients, increase tolerance to stress, and encourage reproduction. They are substances containing live microorganisms secreted by microorganisms that stimulate the growth of other organisms. At presently, many commercial probiotic products made by bacterial species such as Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Carnobacterium sp., Enterococcus sp., and also from yeast, i.e., Saccharomyces cerevisiae are available. This review article gives a brief explanation on probiotics, their types, origin, mode of action, types of diseases they can control, ability to improve nutrients digestion, increase stress tolerance, and increase of reproduction.