Ecological distribution of cases examined at a child guidance clinic is atypical when compared to distribution of indexes of personal and social dis organization. The hypothesis that this distribution is related to diffusion of psychological and psychiatric explanations of conduct is sustained when variation in rates among areas is observed to correspond closely with indicators of community acceptance of psychological and psychiatric explanations. The defining role of professional workers is important in the diffusion.
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Edna E. Raphael (1964) studied this question.