Higher twist and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions: A light-front Hamiltonian approach

In order to study twist-3 and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions, we use light-front time-ordered PQCD at order αₛ to calculate various distribution functions for a dressed quark target. This study enables us to investigate in detail the existing relations between twist-3 and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. Our calculation shows explicitly that two versions of such relations, considered to be equivalent, occur in the literature which need to be distinguished. Moreover, we examine sum rules for higher twist distributions. While the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule for g₂ is satisfied, the corresponding sum rule for h₂ is violated.