A contact-area model for rail-pads connections in 2-D simulations: sensitivity analysis of train-induced vibrations

A numerical model to predict train-induced vibrations is presented. The dynamic computation considers mutual interactions in vehicle/track coupled systems by means of a finite and discrete elements method. The rail defects and the case of out-of-round wheels are considered. The dynamic interaction between the wheel-sets and the rail is accomplished by using the non-linear Hertzian model with hysteresis damping. A sensitivity analysis is done to evaluate the variables affecting more the maintenance costs. The rail–sleeper contact is assumed extended to an area-defined contact zone, rather than a single-point assumption which fits better real case studies. Experimental validations show how prediction fits well experimental data.