In this letter, we present a matching stage for reflection reduction based on the principle of gradual change to efficiently couple light to propagating modes of photonic crystals (PCs). Basic physical considerations in designing these matching stages are investigated and a systematic yet simple design procedure is suggested. We show that matching stages obtained using this method are wideband in frequency, have a wide acceptance angle, and are robust against fabrication imperfections. Therefore, they are the preferred choice in general-purpose matching stages to be used along with dispersion-based PC devices.
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Momeni et al. (2005) studied this question.
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