Burden of kidney disease on the discrepancy between reasons for hospital admission and death: An observational cohort study

Figures

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  Fig 1. Rate of discrepancy between primary reasons for hospital admission and death among Japanese adults. a) Rate of discrepancy between primary ICD-10 diagnostic code assigned at the time of hospital admission and death among Japanese adults with non-CKD, CKD, and ESKD. b) Rate of death owing to different HCUP-based disease classification following hospital admission among Japanese adults. Each bar graph represents a mean, and the solid lines represent the corresponding 95% confidence interval. CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; HCUP, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.

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  Fig 2. Funnel plots for hospital volume and discrepancy between reasons for hospital admission and in-hospital death. a–c) Hospital volume is defined as the mean number of daily hospitalized patients. d–f) Dialysis case volume is defined as the mean number of annually hospitalized patients on maintenance dialysis. Each hospital is represented by a point on the Funnel plots showing the rate of difference in the reason for hospital admission and death, among the total admissions leading to death in each hospital. The control limits represent the expected range of discrepancy rate between reasons for hospital admission and death based on the Poisson distribution. CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease.

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  Fig 3. Diagnostic changes in clinical disease classification from hospital admission to in-hospital death among Japanese adults. Seven clinical disease classification categories based on the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were applied to Japanese adults with (a) non-CKD, (b) CKD, and (c) ESKD. CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease.

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  Fig 4. Length of hospital stay and cost among patients who died from the same or distinct disease category than recorded at hospital admission. The graphs show the (a) hospital length of stay and (b) costs that were analysed among Japanese adults who died after hospitalization because of the same or distinct HCUP-based disease classification recorded at hospital admission. Costs were documented using the exchange rate from Japanese yen to United States dollar (USD) on September 9, 2020. CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; HCUP, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; USD, United States dollar.