Key result
Elite middle-long distance athletes showed significantly higher left ventricular cardiac output and better diastolic compliance following maximum exercise compared to weightlifters and controls.
Why the study?
This study explored physiologic differences in cardiac structure and function in elite athletes during rest and immediately after maximum exercise across training types compared to healthy controls.
How do cardiac structure and function differ between elite endurance athletes, weightlifters, and healthy controls at rest and immediately after maximum exercise?
Cross-Sectional
How do cardiac structure and function differ between elite endurance athletes, weightlifters, and healthy controls at rest and immediately after maximum exercise?
Elite endurance athletes demonstrate superior left ventricular diastolic compliance and cardiac output following maximum exercise compared to weightlifters and healthy controls.
May indicate endurance-specific post-exercise LV adaptations; hypothesis-generating for longitudinal outcomes in athletes.
BACKGROUND: This study explores physiologic differences in the cardiac structure and function of elite athletes during the resting state and immediately after maximum exercise by training type compared to healthy controls. METHODS: The study focuses on elite middle-long distance group (MLDG), weightlifter group (WG), and a control group (CG). Cardiac structure, systolic function, and diastolic function were measured for all subjects at resting state and immediately after maximum exercise using echocardiography. RESULTS: During the resting state, the athlete groups had significantly larger inter-ventricular septum thickness end diastolic (IVSd) and inter-ventricular septum thickness end systolic (IVSs); the left ventricular posterior wall thickness end-diastolic (LVPWd) in MLDG was significantly larger than the CG. Moreover, the athlete groups had significantly higher left ventricular internal dimension end-diastolic (LVIDd), left ventricular internal dimension end-systolic (LVIDs), left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS) compared to the CG. Also, the MLDG had higher LVIDd, LVIDs, LVM, LVM-index, LVEDV, LVESV than the WG. The LVSV and LVSV index in MLDG were significantly higher than the CG and WG. The LVEF of CG was significantly higher than the athlete groups. Immediately following the maximum exercise test, MLDG had a significantly higher LVEDV, LVSV, LVSV-index, LVCO, LVCO index, E/A and DT than WG and CG. CONCLUSIONS: The MLDG showed high LVCO with comparatively better compliance in left ventricular diastolic function following maximum exercise, with a low heart rate as consequence of good LV contractility due their excellent LV diastolic function.
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Park et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Elite athletes. Elite athletic training (middle-long distance or weightlifting) vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Cardiac structure, systolic function, and diastolic function at resting state and immediately after maximum exercise. Elite middle-long distance athletes showed significantly higher left ventricular cardiac output and better diastolic compliance following maximum exercise compared to weightlifters and controls.
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