A class of photonic switching networks composed of directional couplers is proposed. These networks require only two switching stages containing active elements. Both point-to-point and multicast architectures are presented. Various characteristics of the networks are compared to those of networks previously known with respect to insertion loss, SNR, number of crossovers, and number of active elements.>
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Andrzej Jajszczyk (1993) studied this question.
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