Key result
A two-level attention-based CNN model achieved leave-one-out test accuracies of 99.22%, 97.13%, and 96.25% on the MIT-BIH, INCART, and QT databases, respectively.
Why the study?
Traditional automated QRS detection methods have not had their applicability explored beyond study-specific databases, leaving the generalization capability of detectors across diverse ECG recordings unclear.
Does training a CNN-based model on diverse ECG datasets improve generalization accuracy for QRS complex detection?
Does training a CNN-based model on diverse ECG datasets improve generalization accuracy for QRS complex detection?
A CNN model's generalization capability for QRS detection depends on the inclusion of samples from a diverse range of subjects rather than simply adding more training samples.
May aid QRS detection model development; leaves open prospective clinical validation.
Detection of QRS complexes in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is crucial for automated cardiac diagnosis. Automated QRS detection has been a research topic for over three decades and several of the traditional QRS detection methods show acceptable detection accuracy, however, the applicability of these methods beyond their study-specific databases was not explored. The non-stationary nature of ECG and signal variance of intra and inter-patient recordings impose significant challenges on single QRS detectors to achieve reasonable performance. In real life, a promising QRS detector may be expected to achieve acceptable accuracy over diverse ECG recordings and, thus, investigation of the model's generalization capability is crucial. This paper investigates the generalization capability of convolutional neural network (CNN) based-models from intra (subject wise leave-one-out and five-fold cross validation) and inter-database (training with single and multiple databases) points-of-view over three publicly available ECG databases, namely MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, INCART, and QT. Leave-one-out test accuracy reports 99.22%, 97.13%, and 96.25% for these databases accordingly and inter-database tests report more than 90% accuracy with the single exception of INCART. The performance variation reveals the fact that a CNN model's generalization capability does not increase simply by adding more training samples, rather the inclusion of samples from a diverse range of subjects is necessary for reasonable QRS detection accuracy.
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Habib et al. (2019) studied ECG QRS complex detection (n=161). Two-level attention-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was evaluated on QRS detection accuracy (Leave-one-out test). A two-level attention-based CNN model achieved leave-one-out test accuracies of 99.22%, 97.13%, and 96.25% on the MIT-BIH, INCART, and QT databases, respectively.
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