The creation in 1996 of the Eduardo dos Santos Foundation (FESA) is the culmination of a long process of developing a clientelist system which makes substantial use of privatization, both legal and illegal. The establishment of FESA is also part of a wider presidential strategy which is intended as a response to two related challenges: first, the failure to resolve Angola's armed conflict; and second, the exacerbation of factional rivalries within the ruling elite, the aggravation of the country's social crisis, and the tarnished reputation of the regime as a result of war, predation and corruption.
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Christine Messiant (2001) studied this question.
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