Post-engraftment Bloodstream Infections After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Risk Factors and Association with Mortality

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BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). This study aimed to analyze the incidence, etiology, risk factors and outcomes of post-engraftment BSI in allo-HCT recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study included 261 patients with documented engraftment after first allo-HCT performed from January 2018 till September 2021. CONCLUSION: Gram-negative bacteria prevailed in the etiology of post-engraftment BSIs with secondary graft failure. secondary poor graft function. and acute gut GvHD being the main predisposing factors for their development. Post-engraftment BSIs were associated with the higher risk of non-relapse mortality after allo-HCT.