Conceptualization and Measurement of the Recreationist-Environment Fit

This article extends the person-environment fit concept from institutional to recreational settings. Specifically, we conceptualized and developed the recreationist-environment (R-E) Fit Scale (REFS). Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed. Based on Attention Restoration Theory and Affordance Theory, the R-E fit is conceptualized as the compatibility between recreationists and recreation environments that is present when at least one entity provides what the other needs and/or recreationists and environment managers share similar values. The 19-item REFS was developed and validated to quantify the fit between recreationists and their environment. Six factors were identified: natural resources, interpersonal opportunities, environmental functions, facilities, activity knowledge/skills, and operation/management. The results show that both the six- factor model and the three-factor (i.e., needs-supplies fit, requirements-abilities fit, and supplementary fit) higher order model are acceptable models to measure R-E fit. Implications of these findings for application and areas for future research are also provided.