Sensitivity of generalized immittance converter-embedded ladder structures

Generalized immittance converter (GIC) embedding techniques, based on the Gorski-Popiel structure, have been employed to realize high-quality active filters by several workers. A general equivalent circuit is derived for GIC-embedded structures which is topologically identical to the network that is to be simulated. From the proposed equivalent circuit, the multiparameter sensitivity performance of GIC simulated bandpass filters is evaluated in terms of all the network elements. The results are compared with the inductance-simulation method.