Relative diffusion estimates in the low troposphere are obtained from the nearly simultaneous release of constant-volume balloons (tetroons) at the Nevada Test Site near Las Vegas. On the average the lateral and longitudinal standard deviations of relative tetroon separations vary from 2–25 km for travel times of 1–24 hr, implying horizontal eddy diffusivities ranging from 5 × 106 to 5 × 107 cm2 sec−1. Both lateral and longitudinal standard deviations increase with travel time to the 0.85 power, but with travel distance to only about the 0.6 power.
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Angell et al. (1971) studied this question.