Effective area measurement of few-mode fiber using far field scan technique with Hankel transform generalized for circularly-asymmetric mode

We report on a measurement method for the effective area of the few-mode fiber. We derived a transform equation between a near-field pattern and a far-field pattern generalized for circularly-asymmetric higher-order modes of a cylindrical core, and enabled effective area measurement of the higher-order modes using high-dynamic-range far-field scan technique and low-crosstalk mode multiplexer. The measured effective area values agreed well with the values that were numerically predicted using a finite-element method from the refractive index profile, when the modal crosstalk was suppressed.