Coordination Optimization Method for Microgrid User’s Demand Response in Local Electricity Markets

本文构建了包含可再生能源分布式发电的微电网及用户在孤岛模式下参与就地电力市场需求响应的协调优化模型。模型的分布式发电包含了风能、光伏能等可再生能源发电设备以及燃气–蒸汽联合循环(CCGT)、冷热电联供系统(CCHP)等清洁能源发电机组。模型以总的社会剩余价值最大化作为优化目标，在就地电力市场中采用节点边际电价的费率结构；约束条件考虑了可再生能源发电和负荷的预测误差、用户需求响应容量系数和报价策略。通过对基于PJM-5母线系统的微电网进行仿真，计算结果分析了用户需求响应能力对可再生能源消纳的影响和需求响应水平对负荷预测的反效应，为微电网用户参与需求响应提供了参考。分析结果表明：微电网用户通过在就地电力市场中合理的协调需求响应，在满足用户负荷需求的前提下，增加了负荷的需求弹性，促进了可再生能源的消纳，提高了可再生能源的利用率和穿透率，产生可观的经济价值。 A coordination optimization model for demand response (DR) of microgird under islanding opera-tion mode and users with distribution generation of renewable energy is presented in this paper. The distribution generators with such renewable energy as wind energy and photovoltaic energy and with clean energy such as closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) and combined cooling, heating and power system (CCHP) is considered in the proposed microgrid. The locational marginal price (LMP) is taken as its rate structure and total social surplus maximization as its objective of the proposed model, and the constrains include the forecasting errors of renewable energy and load, user’s DR capacity factor and bidding strategy. Case study is based on a PJM-5bus system microgrid. The analysis of calculation result considers the influence of user’s DR capacity on renewable energy absorption and demand response level’s inverse effect on load forecasting is illustrated in the case study example, and it is proved to provide reference for coordination of microgird user’s DR resources. The result shows that reasonable coordination of microgrid user’s DR resources in local electricity market under user’s demand satisfaction could increase load’s demanding elasticity, promoting its absorption, increasing the utilization and penetration rate, and alleviating demand response inverse effect on load, producing considerable economic value.