Salt-assisted sphere-to-cylinder micelle conversion in the microemulsion polymerization process is the crucial step for the formation of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (see picture). Iron(III) chloride is used as a structure-directing agent and is coordinated by polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles, which is essential for the formation of the nanofibers.
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Jang et al. (2004) studied this question.
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