The Impact of Dietary Protein Intake of Laying Hens on Production Performance, Health and Nitrogen Excretion: A Review

This review discusses the effects of dietary protein intake on production performance, health, and nitrogen excretion in laying hens. The poultry industry faces the dual challenge of improving productivity while reducing environmental impact. Dietary protein plays a central role in egg production, egg quality, and overall bird performance. Traditionally, high crude protein (CP) levels were used to meet amino acid requirements and enhance output. However, excessive CP increases feed costs and nitrogen excretion, contributing to environmental concerns. The integration of non-bound amino acids into poultry diets has allowed for reduced CP levels without compromising performance. A well-balanced amino acid profile is essential for efficient nutrient use and minimizing waste. Various protein sources differ in their amino acid composition and digestibility, influencing their suitability in poultry feed. Selecting appropriate protein sources supports both bird health and sustainable production. This review highlights the importance of optimizing protein intake and amino acid balance to enhance performance and mitigate ecological impacts. Future research should explore alternative protein sources and refine amino acid supplementation to promote environmentally responsible poultry production.