Effective Raman gain characteristics in germanium- and fluorine-doped optical fibers

We describe the dopant dependence of Raman gain in germanium- and fluorine-doped optical fibers. We clarify, both theoretically and experimentally, the effective Raman gain characteristic in an optical fiber, which is closely related to the fiber's refractive-index profile and electromagnetic field profile. We also show that this experimentally determined relationship can be used to evaluate the effective Raman gain characteristic in a germaninum- or a fluorine-doped optical fiber with an arbitrary index profile.