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The authors have demonstrated that air breakdown produced just above a metal surface by a pulsed CO 2 TEA laser, is an efficient source of ultrasound within the metal. The normal force source produces both longitudinal and shear waves in the bulk and Rayleigh surface waves. No damage is produced on the metal surface. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers provide complementary noncontacting detectors.
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Edwards et al. (1989) studied this question.
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