Fast runaway electrons, which appear during the electric breakdown in an air-filled discharge gap under the action of a short-front voltage pulse, generate 525-eV photons from the K -shell of oxygen. This soft X-ray emission effectively generates new electrons in the region of enhanced field. The proposed mechanism may explain the fast streamer propagation and the formation of a diffuse discharge at atmospheric pressure.
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Kozyrev et al. (2011) studied this question.
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