Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has revolutionised the investigation of patients with suspected biliary and pancreatic diseases and its therapeutic counterpart, endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) has had a similar impact on treatement. Common bile duct stones, benign strictures, tumours of the papilla, pancreatic and biliary malignancies, some patients with acute pancreatitis, papillary stenosis, sump syndrome and to a lesser extent, chronic pancreatitis are now all amenable to treatment by endoscopic means. This area of endoscopic surgery is in a continuing are of development and evolution.
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Carr-Locke et al. (1986) studied this question.