The statistical trends of the duration of extreme wave conditions, as characterized by hindcast wave information, are investigated at five sites along the coast of the United States. Identification of extreme events and definition of their durations are based on exceedance of a threshold for zero moment wave heights. The percentage exceedance of zero moment wave heights above a specified threshold is found to be roughly 30% of the average number of events per year, regardless of geographical location. The extremal type I distribution function is applied to model both the distribution of durations and of peak zero moment wave heights. The assumption of independence of duration from peak event intensity is proposed as an expedient method for estimating durations of zero moment wave heights above a threshold, given a peak zero moment wave height.
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Orson P. Smith (1988) studied this question.
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