Cumulative Serum Endothelin-1 and Endothelin-3 Level Predicts 1-year Adverse Cardiac Events after ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) released in circulation during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) contribute to vasoconstriction, which elevates the severity of the myocardial infarction. This study aims to investigate the role of cumulative ET-1 and ET-3 levels on the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) 1 year after AMI hospitalization. This retrospective cohort study included patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Baseline data were collected, including sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, and serum ET-1 and ET-3 levels, measured with ELISA assay. Follow-up was performed 1 year after hospital discharge to identify MACE. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to describe predictors of 1-year MACE. A total of 81 subjects were enrolled and followed up. Subjects were divided into two groups based on their cumulative ET-1 and ET-3 levels, using a rounded cut-off point of 17.0 ng/mL, produced by the ROC curve for MACE. At 1 year MACE occurred in 24 (29.3%) subjects. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that a cumulative ET-1 and ET-3 level >17.0 ng/mL was independently associated with 1-year MACE (aOR = 5.34, 95% CI: 1.36–21.07, p = 0.017). A higher cumulative serum ET-1 and ET-3 level at admission predicts MACE in 1 year of follow-up after STEMI.