Slot-Die Coated Perovskite Films Using Mixed Lead Precursors for Highly Reproducible and Large-Area Solar Cells

Recently, many kinds of printing processes have been studied to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) for mass production. Among them, slot-die coating is a promising candidate for roll-to-roll processing because of high-throughput, easy module patterning, and a premetered coating system. In this work, we employed mixed lead precursors consisting of PbAc 2 and PbCl 2 to fabricate PeSCs via slot-die coating. We observed that slot-die-coated perovskite films based on the mixed lead precursors exhibited well-grown and uniform morphology, which was hard to achieve by using only a single lead source. Consequently, PeSCs made with this precursor system showed improved device performance and reproducibility over single PbAc 2 . Lastly, a large-area module with an active area of 10 cm 2 was fabricated with a power conversion efficiency of 8.3%.