(Alpha-diimine)PdCl(+) species catalytically dimerize alkyl and silyl vinyl ethers to beta,gamma-unsaturated CH(2)=CHCH(2)CH(OR)(2) acetals, and they cyclize divinyl ethers to analogous cyclic acetals. A plausible mechanism comprises in situ generation of an active PdOR alkoxide species, double vinyl ether insertion to generate Pd{CH(2)CH(OR)CH(2)CH(OR)(2)} species, and beta-OR elimination to generate the acetal product. In the presence of vinyl ethers, (alpha-diimine)PdCl(+) species can be used to initiate ethylene polymerization.
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Chen et al. (2010) studied this question.
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