Chromogenic and electrochemical recognition are combined in the calix[4]arenecrown-4 1: 1) Conformational changes upon complexation of Na+ or K+ influence the through-space exciton coupling between the two diametrically arranged thienylene analogues of p-terphenoquinone used as the chromophores, and a color change results. 2) Complexation also causes an anodic shift in the oxidation and reduction potentials of 1.
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Takahashi et al. (2000) studied this question.
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