An interferometric method of measuring the complex piezoelectric constants of crystals is described. A small interferometer was constructed in which a mirror and a half-mirror were separated by two spacers made of sample crystal. By using a PIN-photodiode and a lock-in amplifier a change in sample length as small as 0.01 Å due to the converse piezoelectric effect was detected. Since the mechanical resonance frequency of the interferometer was as high as 70∼200 kHz, measurement of the piezoelectric constant was possible at any frequency in a range from 200 Hz to about 50 kHz. The results are shown for the measurements of d 11 of quartz and d 22 of ferroelectric AgNa(NO 2 ) 2 .
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Yamaguchi et al. (1979) studied this question.