Pre-race medical clearance in 60,609 distance running race entrants: which entrants sought clearance, what physicians did, and what was the outcome? SAFER XXXVII

BACKGROUND: Medical clearance is often recommended for athletes prior to endurance exercise. The primary aim was to determine the percentage (%) of race entrants that sought medical clearance prior to participation in endurance running events, describe the diagnostic modalities used by doctors to assess entrants seeking medical clearance, and the clearance advice given. Secondary aims were to investigate the factors associated with seeking and outcome of clearance. METHODS: All consenting race entrants who completed an online screening questionnaire during registration to participate in the 21.1 km or 56 km Two Oceans marathon races from 2013-2015 (N.=60,609) were included. Runners were stratified into four risk categories: low risk (LR), intermediate risk (IR), high risk (HR) and very high risk (VHR). Runners were asked if they consulted with a medical doctor to obtain medical clearance. Follow-up questions enquired about what the doctor did when they sought medical clearance and what advice the doctor gave as an outcome of the medical clearance consultation. Prevalence (%, 95% CI) and Prevalence Ratios (PRs) are reported. RESULTS: Over the 3-year period, 14.8% of entrants sought medical clearance. For clearance, doctors used history only (9.9%), history and physical examination (36.7%) and history, physical examination, and special investigations (53.0%). Most entrants seeking medical clearance were fully cleared to race (87.7% in 21.1 km and 85.9% in 56 km) (P=0.0156). Factors associated with seeking medical clearance include longer race distance, older age and a higher risk category (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The methods doctors use when conducting medical clearance consultations vary greatly. Further research is suggested to develop a protocol that doctors can use for medical consultations.