We have proposed the use of ZnO as a new buffer material in superstrate-type Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Little or no interdiffusion was found at the ZnO/CIGS interface, allowing the use of high temperatures for CIGS deposition. As a result, superstrate-type CIGS solar cells with efficiencies reaching as high as 10% were achieved for the first time by using this buffer material along with the inclusion of sodium sulfide (Na2S) during CIGS deposition.
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Nakada et al. (1998) studied this question.
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