This is the second of two companion papers that describe the formulation of analysis models for simulating the inelastic seismic response of three-dimensional mixed frame structures comprised of steel, reinforced-concrete, and/or composite members. Described in a companion paper is the flexibility-based formulation of a three-dimensional beam-column element to model the inelastic cyclic behavior of beam-columns under combined axial load and biaxial bending. This paper describes the development of yield surface equations and stiffness parameter calibration for bisymmetric steel, reinforced concrete, and encased composite beam-columns. Accuracy of the model is verified through comparisons to data from previously published tests and detailed analyses.
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El‐Tawil et al. (2001) studied this question.
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