Standardization for Microlenses and Microlens Arrays

The standardization of microlenses and microlens arrays is of value to both users and suppliers, but raises issues and problems in terms of characterization and evaluation that need to be solved. These are mainly due to the small sizes of the lenses, making it difficult to apply the definitions used with conventional optical systems. From an early stage, Japan has led in the international standardization activities of ISO for the characterization of microlenses and microlens arrays. Also, we collaborate with other countries which have developed their own technologies, including the United Kingdom, Germany, U.S.A., Belgium, France, and other countries. The status of recent standardization activities is described and the measurement technologies are explained.