Study of modern Chinese cloisonné by means of small-spot energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy

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In this work, we studied the features of a modern Chinese cloisonné vase by means of small-spot energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Quantitative elemental results of enamel have been obtained after calibration of EDXRF instrumentation with certified reference materials. Up to eleven different coloured enamels have been recognized and analysed (black, pink, red, white, yellow and three shades of both blue and green). Enamel paste is mainly formed by the main identified elemental colouring agents - chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, antimony and cadmium– in a lead alkali silicate matrix. The body of the vase is made by copper with minor amounts of zinc and tin. Analysis of metallic decorations at the surface of the vase reveal the presence of metal coatings applied for the embellishment of the artwork. Thickness of layered metal structures have been obtained by XRF fundamental parameters assisted with data from pure metal spectra, thus revealing the gilded coatings consist of a thick layer made by silver-doped nickel.