Teaching decoherence by simulating quantum channels on quantum computers

As we move further into the second quantum revolution, it becomes increasingly important to teach modern ideas such as decoherence and to provide practical training on quantum computers. In this work, we illustrate how quantum decoherence channels can be introduced into instruction and how one can simulate these quantum channels on quantum computers. We focus on the decoherence of a single spin, because it is the simplest case to consider. Using the IBM Quantum Platform, we examine depolarizing, amplitude damping, dephasing, and thermalizing channels. These channels are first described in terms of Lindblad operators and then they are converted into quantum circuits that require mid-circuit resets. This hands-on approach to decoherence will help students learn practical concepts required for quantum information science.