Sex and Age Differences in Physical Activity and Dietary Patterns Among Brazilian Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence From ELSI-Brazil

Healthy aging is influenced by behaviors such as physical activity (PA) and diet. This study examined sex- and age-related differences in PA and selected food consumption among Brazilian middle-aged and older adults. Data from 9,949 non-institutionalized adults aged ≥50 years participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and three frequency-based questions on activity intensity. Food consumption was assessed using structured questions on vegetable, fruit, juice, and red meat intake. Descriptive statistics and survey-weighted logistic regression estimated associations with 95% confidence intervals. Men were more likely to engage in moderate and vigorous PA. PA declined with age; adults aged ≥80 years were 78% more likely to be physically inactive than those aged 50-59 years. Food consumption differed by sex: women reported higher vegetable and fruit consumption, whereas men reported higher red meat consumption. Older adults, particularly those aged ≥70 years, reported more frequent fruit and juice consumption than younger groups and were less likely to report low fruit intake. Sex- and age-related differences in PA and selected food consumption highlight the need for tailored interventions to promote healthy aging.