A study was conducted to determine the effects of the orientation and confinement of heated surfaces on critical heat flux (CHF) from the surfaces. Focus was on the effects of heater orientation and confinement on the heat transfer characteristics and CHF in liquid nitrogen (LN2) pool boiling. It was found that the heat flux for LN2 open pool boiling depend on surface superheat in a manner similar to that of other fluids. In LN2 pool boiling, upward-facing heaters gave higher values of CHF than downward-facing heaters.
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Nguyen et al. (2000) studied this question.
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