Expression of the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR as a prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a systematic review and meta-analysis

// Giuseppe Troiano 1 , Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio 1 , Linda Boldrup 2 , Xiaolian Gu 2 , Lorenzo Lo Muzio 1 , Nicola Sgaramella 2 , Lixiao Wang 2 and Karin Nylander 2 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy 2 Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Correspondence to: Giuseppe Troiano, email: giuseppe.troiano@unifg.it Keywords: lncRNA, lncRNAs, non-coding RNA, HOTAIR, biomarker Received: March 21, 2017 Accepted: August 07, 2017 Published: August 21, 2017 ABSTRACT Introduction: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often dysregulated in cancer tissue and seem to play an important role in neoplastic processes. Recent studies have shown that the HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) may play a role as a marker of prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies focused on the prognostic role of HOTAIR in SCCHN. Results: At the end of the selection process, four studies were considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 271 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that high expression of HOTAIR was associated with poor overall survival (HR, 1.90; 95% CI: [1.42, 2.53]; p < 0,0001), advanced tumor stage (OR, 3.44; 95% CI: [1.84, 6.43]; p < 0,001) and lymph-node metastasis (OR, 3.31; 95% CI: [1.24, 8.79]; p = 0,02). Materials and Methods: The literature search was performed in the following databases: PUBMED, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Science, in order to find studies that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that HOTAIR represents a potential biomarker of prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.