The influence of fault-place grounding impedance is usually not taken into account in algorithms for ground-fault distance estimation. The fault-place grounding impedance depends on the design characteristics of ground wires and tower footing resistances. The paper shows the possibility of taking into account the fault-place grounding impedance in the algorithm for ground-fault distance estimation. An algorithm taking into account fault-place grounding impedance has a better accuracy and only slightly greater complexity.
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Popović et al. (2001) studied this question.
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