Blood flow-improving activity of methyl jasmonate-treated adventitious roots of mountain ginseng

Figures

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  Figure 1. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin. Platelet aggregation was induced by collagen (0.625 µg/mL; A), adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 10 µM; B) or thrombin (0.1 unit/mL; C). Virgule: 125 µg/mL, gray: 250 µg/mL, black: 500 µg/mL. *Significantly different from vehicle controls (collagen, ADP or thrombin alone).

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  Figure 2. Time-course of carotid arterial blood flow following FeCl3 application outside the arterial wall. Dried powder (PARMG; A) or ethanol extract (EARMG; B) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin (A & B) were orally administered for 3 weeks prior to FeCl3 exposure. ●: vehicle (FeCl3 alone) control, ▼: low dose (125 mg/kg) of PARMG or EARMG, ■: medium dose (250 mg/kg) of PARMG or EARMG, ◆: high dose (500 mg/kg) of PARMG or EARMG, ▲: aspirin (30 mg/kg).

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  Figure 3. Time to occlusion of carotid arteries after application of FeCl3 outside the arterial wall. Dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin were orally administered for 3 weeks prior to FeCl3 exposure. *Significantly different from vehicle (FeCl3 alone) control (P<0.05).

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  Figure 4. Representative findings of carotid arterial thrombi produced by FeCl3 application outside the arterial wall. Dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin were orally administered for 3 weeks prior to FeCl3 exposure. Gray aggregated platelet plugs (empty star) and yellow/pink blood clots (filled star) are seen in the arterial lumens exposed to FeCl3.

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  Figure 5. Platelet plug (gray) and blood clot (black) ratios in the carotid arterial thrombi produced by FeCl3 application outside the arterial wall. Dried powder (PARMG, 500 mg/kg) or ethanol extract (EARMG, 500 mg/kg) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin (30 mg/kg) were orally administered for 3 weeks prior to FeCl3 exposure.