Tackling pharmacological response heterogeneity by PBPK modeling to advance precision medicine productivity of nanotechnology and genomics therapeutics

Introduction: Nowadays, nanotechnology and genomics contribute knowledge and innovative practices, enabling pharmacological interventions as well as theraputic decisions to be applicable on a personal basis, i.e., establishing precision (personalized) medicine approaches into the clinical setting. However, the dynamics and the evolution capacity of organisms over time necessitate the advancement of powerful interdisciplinary tools, population-based pharmacological methodologies, as well as the application of translational methodologies with clinical implementation capabilities.Areas covered: Even for newly emerged techniques, like three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting nanoplatforms and in vitro transcribed (IVT)-mRNA therapeutics, the patients’ heterogeneity still hinders their potential exploitation in a broader perspective and clinical outcome burden. It is thus essential that the recently developed computational physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models present tools aiming to predict differential pharmacological response in patient groups and to allow cost-effective individualized dosage adjustments for populations worldwide.Expert opinion: The recent advancements in IVT-mRNA therapeutics and 3D bioprinting technologies, along with the capabilities of PBPK modeling to delineate the issue of interpatient heterogeneity, will be presented and discussed. Also, the integration of core interdisciplinary infrastructures will be included in a manner to better serve the task of more efficiently and productively achieving precision medicine interventions in the everyday clinical practice.