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Review details cellular internalization mechanisms of clostridial binary toxins in host cells, highlighting how receptor binding and actin ADP-ribosylation drive cytotoxicity.
C2 toxin are composed of two non-linked proteins, one being the enzymatic component and the other being the binding/translocation component. These latter components recognize specific receptors and oligomerize in plasma membrane lipid-rafts, mediating the uptake of the enzymatic component into the cytosol. Enzymatic components induce actin cytoskeleton disorganization through the ADP-ribosylation of actin and are responsible for cell rounding and death. This review focuses upon the recent advances in cellular internalization of clostridial binary toxins.
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Takehara et al. (2017) studied this question.
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