Axial-Selective Prins Cyclizations by Solvolysis of α-Bromo Ethers

Prins cyclizations are intramolecular electrophilic additions of oxocarbenium ions. They lead to tetrahydropyrans with a heteroatom at the 4-position, and usually show moderate-to-high selectivity for equatorial substitution. We have found that Prins cyclizations carried out under specific conditions produce tetrahydropyrans with almost exclusive formation of the axial 4-substituent. TMSBr, AcBr, and TMSI all lead to axial-selective Prins cyclizations with alpha-acetoxy ether substrates in the presence lutidine. The mechanism appears to involve solvolysis of the intermediate alpha-bromo ether rather than specific or Lewis acid-catalyzed rearrangement. The scope of the reaction, the high yields, and the stereoselectivity make this a valuable new method for tetrahydropyran formation.