Temperature increases following birnavirus CV-TS-1 infection significantly exacerbate mortality in small hard clams, suggesting environmental stress plays a key role in mass mortalities at clam farms.
Temperature spikes after infection drive high clam mortality; leaves open environmental modulation of viral disease in other aquaculture species.
A birnavirus, CV-TS-1 strain isolated from cultured hard clam (Meretrix lusoria) was inoculated to the hard clam by means of intrapalleal cavity injection or water borne method at 25°C. Cumulative mortalities of clams injected with the virus at the concentrations of 104.7, 103.7 and 102.7 TCID50/clam were 37.5%, 32.5% and 25%, and those of clams immersed to virus solutions of 106.0, 105.0and 104.0TCID50/mlwere 30%, 25% and 15%, respectively. Temperature stress (increase from 25°Cto 33°C or decrease from 25°C to 15°C) was given to clams before and after virus challenge by exposure to a virus solution of 105.0 TCID50/ml. Mortality increased markedly when temperature was increased after virus infection, though either the decrease in temperature after virus challenge or increase or decrease in temperature before the challenge did not affect the mortality.
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Chou et al. (1994) studied this question.
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