Review of image-blur models in a photographic system using the principles of optics

When a photographic imaging system has a focus error or a motion blur, it is not possible to correct the error by conventional optical printing. Digital image processing offers a chance to restore the blurred images by reversing the blurring processes under certain constraints. Although restoration algorithms vary in detail, they all need a model of the image-blurring process. This paper reviews image-blur models of each individual component in an image chain consisting of camera, film, and scanner. The models include image blur caused by focus error, camera shutter, object motion, light scattering in the film emulsion, film interimage effect, scanner optics, and scanner aperture. The emphasis is on mathematical simplicity and practical usefulness.