Key result
Croton macrostachyus crude extract (400 mg/kg) decreased troponin to 0.29 ng/mL and improved liver enzymes compared to the cyclophosphamide control group in rats.
Why the study?
Croton macrostachyus has been used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for heart failure, but its antioxidant and cardioprotective activities against cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity required evaluation.
Does Croton macrostachyus stem bark extract reduce cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats?
Does Croton macrostachyus stem bark extract reduce cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats?
Croton macrostachyus stem bark extract and its fractions demonstrated cardioprotective and antioxidant effects against cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model.
Should not change clinical practice; hypothesis-generating for Croton macrostachyus cardioprotection in animal models.
Context. Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile (Euphorbiaceae) has been used in traditional medicine to manage heart failure and other heart diseases in Ethiopia. Objective. To evaluate the antioxidant and cardioprotective activities of stem bark extract and solvent fractions of Croton macrostachyus on cyclophosphamide‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. DPPH free radical scavenging assay method was used to determine antioxidant activity whereas Sprague‐Dawley rats were used to evaluate the cardioprotective activity. Except for the normal control, all groups were subjected to cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p.) toxicity on the first day. Enalapril at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference. The hydromethanolic crude extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions (100 and 200 mg/kg, each) were administered for 10 days. The cardioprotective activities were evaluated using cardiac biomarkers such as Troponin I, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and histopathological studies of heart tissue. Results. Crude extract and ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited free radical scavenging activities at IC50 of 594 μg/mL, 419 μg/mL, and 716 μg/mL, respectively. Crude extract at 400 mg/kg decreased the levels of troponin, AST, ALT, and ALP to 0.29 ± 0.06 ng/mL, 103.00 ± 7.63 U/L, 99.80 ± 6.18 U/L, and 108.80 ± 8.81 U/L, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/kg decreased the levels of troponin, AST, ALT, and ALP to 0.22 ± 0.02 ng/mL, 137.00 ± 14.30 U/L, 90.33 ± 6.13 U/L, and 166.67 ± 13.50 U/L, respectively, compared with the cyclophosphamide control group. Conclusions. Croton macrostachyus possesses cardioprotective activities and it could be a possible source of treatment for cardiotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.
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Ayza et al. (2020) studied Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Croton macrostachyus stem bark extract and solvent fractions vs. Cyclophosphamide control group was evaluated on Cardiac biomarkers (Troponin I, AST, ALT, ALP). Croton macrostachyus crude extract (400 mg/kg) decreased troponin to 0.29 ng/mL and improved liver enzymes compared to the cyclophosphamide control group in rats.
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